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1) Molitor F,
Truax SR, Ruiz JD, Sun RK. “Association Of Methamphetamine Use During Sex
With Risky Sexual Behaviors And HIV Infection Among Non-Injection Drug
Users.” West J Med 1998;168:93--7.
PubMed Central
Based on research findings of the sexual behaviors of Meth-using
injection drug users, researchers examined the relationship between Meth
use during sex, risky sexual behaviors and testing positive for the human
immunodeficiency virus (HIV) among clients of publicly funded HIV testing
sites in California who reported never injecting drugs. Among their
findings, they report users of Meth – of both genders and all sexual
orientations - reported more sexual partners than non-Meth users. Among
heterosexuals, a greater percentage of Meth users than nonusers
participated in anal intercourse. Their data suggest that noninjection
Meth use is related to increased, unprotected sexual activity and the risk
of contracting sexually transmitted diseases, including HIV.
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2) Semple SJ,
Patterson TL, Grant I. “The Context Of Sexual Risk Behavior Among
Heterosexual Methamphetamine Users.” Science
Direct Addictive Behavior 2004;29:807-810
Relatively little is known about the relationship between Meth use and
sexual risk behavior among
heterosexual adults. This study explores the
context of sexual risk behavior among HIV-negative,
heterosexual Meth-using men and women. Drug use
history, motivations for Meth use, relationship types, and the social–sexual
context of Meth use were examined as factors that relate to
sexual risk behavior and Meth use. The findings
are discussed in relation to HIV prevention messages and the development
of sexual risk reduction interventions for
HIV-negative, heterosexual Meth
users.
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Abstract
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3) Koblin BA,
Husnik MJ, Colfax G, et al. “Risk Factors For HIV Infection Among Men Who
Have Sex With Men.”
AIDS. 2006;20:731-739.
Researchers analyzed results of 4295 HIV-negative men who have sex with
men (MSM) enrolled in a randomized behavioral intervention trial conducted
in six US cities to pinpoint risk factors for HIV acquisition among this
population. (C) 2006 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Inc.
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4) Madhavan P. N. Nair,
et al. “Methamphetamine Modulates DC-SIGN Expression by Mature Dendritic
Cells.”
Journal of NeuroImmune Pharmacology. September 2006. University of
New York and Buffalo General Hospital
Researchers studied the role of
Meth potentially
acting as cofactor in HIV-1 pathogenesis by increasing dendritic
cell-specific intercellular adhesion molecule-3 (ICAM-3) grabbing non-integrin
(DC-SIGN) expression on DCs. Their data are the first evidence that Meth
up-regulates the expression of DC-SIGN on MDCs. A better understanding of
the role of DC-SIGN in HIV-1 infection may help to design novel
therapeutic strategies against the progression of HIV-1 disease in the
drug-using population.
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News Release Here or the
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5) Ellis, Ronald
J., Childers, Meredith E., et al. “Increased Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Loads in Active Methamphetamine Users Are Explained by Reduced
Effectiveness of Antiretroviral Therapy.”
The Journal of Infectious Diseases. 2003; 188:1820–6. Funded by
NIDA and NIMH to HIV Neurobehavioral Research Center, University of
California, San Diego, this study aimed to determine whether Meth
increases HIV replication in humans by evaluating HIV loads in
HIV-positive Meth users and nonusers.
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6) Urbina,
Antonio and Jones, Kristina. “Crystal Methamphetamine, Its Analogues, and
HIV Infection: Medical and Psychiatric Aspects of a New Epidemic.”
Clinical Infectious Diseases. Volume 38, Issue 6, Page 890–894,
Mar 2004.
This article reviews available literature on the medical and psychiatric
morbidities associated with Meth abuse in
HIV-infected patients. Medical
complications include hypertension, hyperthermia, rhabdoymyolysis, and
stroke. One fatal case of ingestion of
Methamphetamine with HIV
medication has been documented. Two fatal cases of ingestion of
HIV medication with the amphetamine
analogue n-methyl-3,4 methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, or “ecstasy”)
have also been reported. Some molecular researchers suggest that
dopaminergic systems are vulnerable to the combined neurotoxicity of
HIV infection and
Methamphetamine.
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Case study:
Blick,
Gary, Kagan, Ron M., et al., “The Probable Source of Both the Primary
Multidrug-Resistant (MDR) HIV-1 Strain Found in a Patient with Rapid
Progression to AIDS and a Second Recombinant MDR Strain Found in a
Chronically HIV-1–Infected Patient.”
The Journal of Infectious Diseases. 2007; 195:1250–9.
Rapid progression to AIDS after acute infection with a mulitdrug-resistant
(MDR), dual-tropic strain of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 was
reported in a New York City man (hereafter referred to as “NYC”) who has
sex with men. The probable source of this HIV-1 (hereafter referred to as
CT01) and the development of a recombinant MDR HIV-1 in the source’s
partner (hereafter referred to as “CT02”) are described. After identifying
the epidemiological link of CT01 and CT02 to NYC, viral sequences and
phenotypic analyses were compared. Confirmatory genotypic and phenotypic
analyses, replicative capacity, and viral coreceptor use were assessed.
Viral recombination was assessed using a sliding window technique and
phylogenetic tree analysis. The case illustrates the public health
implications of unsafe sex between serodiscordant and seroconcordant
partners.
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SD Department of Health statistics and South Dakota Epidemiologic Profile
of HIV/AIDS 2007
OR
2008 Statistics
SD Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS) - 2007
National Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS)
CDC 2005 HIV/AIDS Surveillance Report
“How
Does Methamphetamine Use Affect HIV Prevention?” (PDF) A publication
of the Center for AIDS Prevention Studies (CAPS) and the AIDS Research
Institute, University of California, San Francisco, © September 2006.
Funding by the National Institutes of Mental Health.
Catt-Iron Shell,
Andrew, Epidemiologist for Rosebud Sioux Tribe, “Women,
girls, HIV and AIDS: The South Dakota Perspective.”
Indian Country Today. Posted: December 08, 2005.
“Methamphetamine
use and HIV risk behaviors among heterosexual men—preliminary results
from five northern California counties.” Centers for Disease Control (CDC)
Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 2006;55:273-277.
“HIV/AIDS.”
National Institute of Drug Abuse (NIDA) Research Report Series. NIH
Publication Number 06-5760. Printed March 2006.
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